An after action report/review (AAR) is an organized assessment or de-brief (debriefing) process for participants and those responsible for the project or event to analyze what happened, why it happened, and how it might be done better. The United States Army was the first to develop formal after-action reviews. All US military services, as well as many other non-US organizations, use formal AARs. They've found their way into the business world as a knowledge management tool and a technique to foster a culture of accountability. An AAR occurs as part of the leader's intent, planning, preparation, action, and review cycle. An AAR differs from a de-brief in that it starts with a direct comparison of expected vs. actual outcomes. An AAR differs from a post-mortem in that it focuses solely on the participants' own actions; the participants' learning from the review is carried forward by them. There are no recommendations for others.
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